Financial difficulties and the opinions
linkage provides: station designated hospitals according to audit results and settlement, the Municipal Finance Bureau and periodic verification. ; three noes subsidies of various instruments, the transition funds to subsidize the treatment of 110 linked to send, etc., the total allocation is 5.285 million yuan, accounting for bed subsidy allocation of 50%. In contrast, this year the total wage bill to be sent to medical staff more than 6 million yuan.
the total pay was still based on streamlining the staff, based on the Bureau of Personnel to the mental hospital's medical staff of this establishment is 400, but one can afford so much money the hospital staff, other On the one hand, psychiatric hospitals are unable to retain people, has been the hospital's medical staff is only half of the preparation of the Shanghai Personnel Bureau.
This led to a serious shortage of hospital staff, in the fifth ward, 18 nurses to be responsible for the care of the spirit of 87 patients, increasing the number of people still in the.
make ends meet despite the psychiatric hospital has been so, but the hospital has the financial difference between the funding, the Government has br> Chan family come across such a patient. The patient's mother was an actor at the national level, holding thirty-four thousand dollars a month pension, family conditions are bad. The patient also study in Belgium over the past, education high, English, German, French. Unfortunately, there is a spiritual problem in foreign countries.
return home, families have to take them to the hospital treated Ms Chan. often after a period of time after treatment and rehabilitation, family He brought home from the hospital took. but his condition is always good times and bad, to keep hospital treatment. Later, the patient disease recurrence, the family took him out into the street, call the command center 110, 110 the police put the patient to a mental hospital.
arrangements following hospitalization, the doctor recognized that he was not the .
by nurses desperate, and the family for a long time, but altogether to visit patients. Gradually, the cost of the hospital do not want to mention something good about it until the patient, family members came through the discharge formalities took him home.
patient is discharged, the medical staff do not dare mention payment.
network of psychiatric hospitals do not fly all kinds of things
often staged. When the world medical community is still wandering the door of mental illness, Chen and her colleagues face every day, Bureau of Civil Affairs, a nursing home in 1975 when they were handed over to the health institutions, nursing institutions in the original, and pulled off a psychiatric hospital.
1998, the hospital received approval system is 370 beds beds, of which 50 bed hospital for detoxification treatment of hope can do some rehabilitation work with the public security departments. At that time the hospital idea is very simple, the public security department of rehabilitation work that fall within the ambit thing, do not want to sweep over, while hospitals are not so much place to put This 50-bed under.
the end, the approval system beds down to 320.
2008, the Hospital's application on the province's three hospitals are eligible for one of the forensic, Chan and colleagues more than a work: play the fool who try to restrain him.
previous years, the spirit of justice in the hospital each year, but dozens of pieces of identification, in recent years as attention, mental forensic nearly a hundred pieces per year. Many criminal suspects in order to avoid legal liability, no mental problems are also willing to do a mental status examination, Ms. Chen to meet such people, the total persuasion: a great effort. However, the message is often brought back no.
wide social relations, and psychiatric hospitals are also becoming a big business. have department heads will be responsible to call the hospital and said, you can rule some mental illness, trouble every day in the Letters and Visits Office.
Chan first visit to the doctors hands, is not really sick. the result asked a few offices, no one is willing to embrace the living, all the patients on hand Dodge said. finally leadership due to face a doctor willing to see, to most of the day, come back later told Ms. Chen, an afternoon listening to the petition, it did not recognize what, complained that after this I do not live, we do not have people go to the hospital.
this matter finally to nothing.
moment later, the hospital met the doctor-patient disputes, family members reported to the Complaints Bureau , Letters and Complaints Bureau to find the head of the hospital leadership talks, said the other day a man fell into the street underground wells, Public Utilities Board as uncovered wells have lost 8 million, you only 6 million, give the it.
Chan can only promise down. or complex relationships with. Ms Chan began to hide from the higher level units of the linkage of various departments will be able to shirk off not to participate, to push.
The recent extensive media coverage mental hospital the event also makes a lot of pressure for hospital managers, health bureau will lead a small in the General Assembly repeatedly said: started to pay attention from the kinds of social news: Shandong, the petitioners sent to a mental hospital, Guangzhou Zou Yijun case, Laiwu mental hospital killed a person, gossip, the news as the medical staff to exchange information.
charge nurse in the work report of the nurses is also proper for us to scrutinize them: Do not mention the patient complained: the constraints of social roles
text / Wang Jing Zou Yijun Li Xiang Li Jia
again the case of compulsory mental health problems on the media's focus lamp.
after psychiatric hospital has been involved in a few cases of family disputes .2005, Guangzhou multimillionaire He Jinrong by his wife admitted to a psychiatric hospital for 30 days; 2006, CASE Xiaomei and stepmother fight after the girl was also sent to the organization uncle.
mental hospital officials and people involved in the same dispute . the greatest impact is in 2008, farmers in Shandong Xintai Sun Wu went to Beijing to petition law, was admitted to a mental hospital town government more than 20 days, no petition signed after the release of bond.
In these cases, be compulsory treatment mental illness, said he did not per capita, is normal.
is the first mental hospital. Prior to that, the old empire is not for the mentally ill services. on the understanding of madness, people just think by the evil, caused by Turn of the Screw.
John is pastor of the Presbyterian Church. He believes mental patients condemned by God and should be punished. One of the most common approach is to bundle or whipping mentally ill. Christian exorcism, traditional Chinese thinking and thinking coincide, as it were the beginning for the madness of the same human attitudes.
Today, in China's rural areas, this practice is still uncommon.
the attitude of the European reference for the madness in leprosy. to isolate lepers, and the end of the Crusades in the East after the cut off disease. After retiring leprosy, but the image attached to leprosy patients on the values and image, the significance of exclusion of leprosy patients with far-reaching impact.
This has led to the attitude of madness must first included in a circle, before it can be excluded.
2008, of view of the city garbage drive each other away and never stop. avoided.
2006, the CASE girl was forcibly taken to a psychiatric hospital Xiao Mei, the hospital then a diagnosis of schizophrenia and personality disorders, and compulsory treatment for 5 days. Since that is not disease Xiaomei This back and forth for two years, hope to find proof of his authority did not identify patients. Xiaomei, said she is suffering from mental illness to allow the hospital to change this conclusion, so that their circle back to normal.
Zou should have also said, I do not want in having a mental illness r l unwarranted reputation for life mental illness, more than 100 million population, of which five thousandths of severe mental illness is, but 70% of patients with severe mental illness are not the formal system of long-term treatment, they might be locked in the house, or street.
Peking University Law School Professor Sun Dongdong repeatedly, psychiatric symptoms, other are normal ?
identification of mental illness, but it is one of the leaders of Kaifeng City, indicates that the instructions and loaded the Municipal Office of the red tape. petition in Beijing when he was sent to a mental hospital town government more than 20 days, no petition signed after the release of bond. The doctor said in an interview later, the town government to bring identification books, can only rule by mental illness.
Zou Yi are compulsory in the Guangzhou Baiyun sent to mental hospital on the third day, School adjustment in the local court, eventually modified the original spirit of the appraisal, said Xiao Mei is not the social situation of mental hospital mental mm is evident.
Southwest University of Political Science of forensic psychiatry's Professor He Tianfu Government mandatory medical care, but what time is restriction of personal freedom. The reason for the public security organ involvement, because this behavior is a double act, both the nature of judicial conduct, but also the nature of administrative acts, and is authorized by the Penal Code. well-being under the jurisdiction of the hospital system is designed to compulsory treatment of mentally ill Zhaohuo accident. An official of the Ministry of Public Security, norms to follow. mental hospital, but also from such mental rise. In China, mental health system in the for health, civil affairs, public security, military, corporate, private, other (non-independent organizations such as General Hospital's specialist services) six. By 2002, health, civil affairs, public security, armed forces, enterprises all have at least 567 mental health agencies, 123, 22, 20 and 46.
in these kinds of mental health institutions, the government led by the mental health sector, civil affairs, public security departments under separate administrations, and the clear division of labor: Health Departments of Mental Health institutions bear the task of mental illness treatment; civil affairs department of the sector to bear the risk of mental illness during the demobilization of military service, veterans of the treatment, and the host and treatment are unable to work, no source of income, no maintenance, and support people with mental illness; Justice department is responsible for the supervising officer to be the treatment of mental illness. public security organs to a serious accident Zhaohuo compulsory treatment of mental illness, well-being of hospital treatment is responsible for doing the work.
introduced, according to Sun Dongdong, strictly speaking, only the right to Ankang Hospital Accident compulsory treatment of patients, while other hospitals are not allowed. But in reality, due to the small number of well-being of the hospital, so because they can not allow the mentally ill living on the streets, creating new hazards. business. as a voluntary psychiatric patients admitted to feed this part of the compulsory health of patients. a psychiatric patient collide into the team. Later, Zhou Enlai and instructions to build such mental patients admitted to specialized sites. all over the country gradually established a mental hospital or possession legacy of governance.
1987, the Ministry of Public Security held a national public security organs The first meeting of the governance of mental illness, clearly bear the force of all the medical tasks in the mental hospitals, known collectively as provinces and urban areas. specified object is treated as This specification has not been strictly enforced. As of 2002 data show that well-being admitted to hospital with mental illness since the establishment of 21.4 million people, of which endanger public order of 5 million people.
until today, in addition to Beijing, Shanghai and Heilongjiang, local laws and regulations protect the well-being of hospitals, financial provision, the other provinces of the well-being of the hospital had to earn a living from channel to carry out other medical services.
2002 survey year, 22 hospitals in the scale of well-being , technical strength, there is a big gap between the economic strength.
well-being of the plight of the hospital, resulting in superior department in charge of other types of mental patients admitted to the practice, had to take .
recent years, the well-being of the hospital to attract more and more attention. Some people even think Ankang hospitals do not meet the requirements of the times.
in what Tim seems well-being of the hospital can retain, but should be mainly used to treatment of those with acute mental illness or serious illness of the accident. essentially useless for the treatment of refractory or the risk of psychiatric patients should be promptly transferred to the custody of prison area. Ankang Hospital yet to be established in China's 13 provinces, the urgent need to establish well-being is not up hospital, but additional psychiatric prison medical staff.
Foucault can not solve the prejudices, to listen to the voice of madness, we must abandon reason of noise, must be reason and madness caused by breaks in the beginning
text / Li Xiang
; 1961, the French philosopher Michel Foucault's reflection on the history of madness awakened by a , was surprised after reading, sort of madness and reflect on the history is blank in China, if not read Foucault, most of our understanding of madness from the perspective of psychiatry, that madness is not normal and pathological. Foucault makes us aware that every man there is madness r l factors, Who is the patient? our attitude towards mental illness, is not a problem? knowledge are rational prejudices, to listen to the voice of madness, we must abandon reason of noise, must be reason and madness caused by breaks in the beginning.
in China, reason and madness of the fracture is only 100 years of history. History Yang pointed out that the home study group, late 19th early 20th century, the Western medical system to an external, mandatory way into China, and brought the normal and abnormal are structured, mental illness has since been produced mm it is not only a concept, it is clearly one to be known as the name of the classification of mental illness people.
the Cultural Revolution from 1949 to the end, the state high passion to psychiatric hospital, less than 1,100 beds, mainly in coastal cities; to 1958, China had 49 mental health institutions, beds 11,159, an increase of 10 times the size.
the early days of 10 years, not only mental hospital places the patient is admitted, the patient also plays an active role in that, the way to conquer the mass movement neurasthenia a highly subjective disease symptoms from the , as it is treated as make an early return to socialist construction.
political treatment in a mental hospital widely carried out, isolated from the world situation that program's core content. such as the treatment of depression is for them to study Mao Zedong, tendencies.
by Foucault's revelation, Jassim chun expert medical sociology from the angle of view of sociology of mental hospital system in China. her book Angle for This expansion of the performance of political authority.
Liu Bei as mentioned in the famous Chen Ning incident, reflected from one side of mental illness at the time the role of society. Chen in Ning, a grass-roots members of the Office of information, many times before the Cultural Revolution Liu critical to the central letter, the first counter by the public security department ruled, after the ; requested with schizophrenia, their vindication, but he When life encountered puzzling behavior experience family problems, even when the actions are likely to suspect that others (including themselves) with identified with different levels of different forms of era is still widespread in China, admitted that the patient doctor considers it necessary, the patient's family or work unit agreed to, without any legal formalities. In the case of non-voluntary, usually by a trick, force, or the authority to force patients narcotic drugs into the hospital. This force is treated by the implicit assumption that formation of the corresponding basis of institutional support and ideas, society does not have individual rights, the bottom line, so that when expanded recognition of mental illness, we see more of the individual is forced into the area. Foucault, then this integration model as a powerful question: control to personal care, much controversy. psychiatry that mental illness can not express their own sense of right, so force the hospital is a means to protect them. The law scholars and experts believe that mandatory medical deprived of personal freedom of patients and should be used with caution.
Sun Dongdong, Peking University, director of forensic, mainly in terms of forensic psychiatry, he condemned a lot of people do every year to give the identification of forensic psychiatry.
Liu Baiju, Chinese Academy of Social Research Council Research Associate, is mainly engaged in research management and research in law. Crime in mental disorder research, with a if they do not involve psychotic symptoms, other are normal. petition for specialized households in those old, I responsibly say that it does not say 100%, at least 99% of the mental problems are paranoid disorder mm
Man / Wang Jing
China News Weekly: In the treatment of mental patients, compulsory mental health care for which patients? applicability how much?
Sun Dongdong: the involuntary hospitalization of mental patients, broadly speaking can be referred to as mandatory health . strictly speaking, involuntary admission is limited to acts of committing crimes against him, through the statutory identification procedures, found that he was criminally responsible. these people should be part of medical care. Now is basically a mental patient involuntarily hospitalized, even if the foreign the law is written in the voluntary hospital, but actually empty talk. because of mental patients do not recognize his sickness he could not go himself to the hospital. He would be if I could go to the hospital, it is not a severe mental illness.
China News Weekly: In recent years there have been many are forced to live in a mental hospital from the normal case, such as the recent case Zou Yijun, there has been new progress, for she is stimulated, a monk from a mental hospital after discharge. How do you hold these cases the attitude?
Sun Dongdong: Zou Yi are the specific circumstances of this case I do not know, not to make improper comments. In real life, the families that their loved ones if the behavior is not normal, more strange, can not normal life, that he had mental problems and sent him to a mental hospital to treatment, what is wrong with that? it and put a appendicitis surgery patients to the hospital What's the difference?! If families do not, as the Government does not send , a mental patient on the street. It was in the maintenance of rights of mental patients do?
China Newsweek: But these people look normal, including some petitioners. They are not mentally ill, thinking very clearly. will force these people to go to a mental hospital, is OK for you?
Sun Dongdong: This is because people have a misconception of mental illness. we think that the kind of crazy trouble playing crazy unkempt, and is mentally ill. but in fact the spirit of a considerable number of patients, they do not involve psychotic symptoms, others are normal. petition for specialized households in those old, I responsibly say that it does not say 100%, at least 99% of mental problems and mental disorders mm are paranoid.
China Newsweek: these people need to force you?
Sun Dongdong: paranoid mental disorders that require mandatory category. because it disturbs the social order. He maintained his one point of view, this view is the mental illness of paranoid symptoms. They In order to achieve a delusion can be left their homes at all costs petition. you can go to investigate those who are paranoid petition. He actually reflect the problems solved, or even no problem. but he is endlessly in trouble, how do you explain him not into. So public opinion started to pay attention to these people's rights are not not guaranteed, this is actually the lack of basic mental health knowledge. This situation not only in China, no country in the world There are issues that governments headache.
such a case occurred in Shaanxi. an old woman, 60 years from the last century began to petition. because her husband work in the mine, died of lung cancer. She finds that her husband was injured. the labor department so identified her husband died of natural disease. but she does not believe, repeated petitions repeated trouble, has been 60 years from the last century was referred to the beginning of this century.
and her daughter is the last unit no way, take her to the local mental health center, a diagnosis of paranoid disorder. 38 days hospital stay. She does not recognize the son of working in Guangdong, bring her back, then two people to hospital, unit, daughter are in court. Finally the court units, hospitals at fault. This is typical of the judge's lack of knowledge of psychiatry, created with the injustice, is absolutely unjust. Cases like this also occurred in other provinces. and leads to serious consequences.
China News Weekly: In reality we see, except for public security mental hospital shelter outside the mandatory medical mental patients, civil psychiatric hospital system and the health system is also hosting the spirit of compulsory medical patients. < br> Sun Dongdong: public security system have a special psychiatric hospital. Strictly speaking, the public security system is designed to mental hospital mental patients admitted to accident Zhaohuo, while the health system and civil system can not receive compulsory treatment of psychiatric patients .
public security organs to force mental patients admitted to the medical, public security organs only the intervention of other agencies and organizations are not able to intervene, it is , the health system can only be received. as long as the Government's approval, receive compulsory psychiatric care of patients, there is no problem, there are authorized by law. Now China's public security organs, only 23 psychiatric hospitals, public security organs need to force the treatment of shelter mental patients, but not the local public security organs mental hospital, then of course the health system can only be sent to a mental hospital or go to the Home system, because can not let these people living on the streets, creating new hazards.
China News Weekly: These need to force medical care on mental patients, how to protect his human rights?
Sun Dongdong: take him to hospital is the best protection. He harmful to society, is also a hazard to himself. We put him up for treatment, to promote his Psychiatric Rehabilitation. This is the protection of his human rights.
Liu Baiju: species than the Army Regulation 22 more absurd logic, is actually completely into the mental hospital have been illegally deprived of the spirit of the normal end of the right to protect their own interests compulsory admission of mental patients is, is there a standard to determine if he was admitted to hospital should be?
Liu Baiju: national norms on compulsory hospitalization, only the Ministry of Health in November 23, 2001 mental management, treatment of difficult persons; 3. seriously who can not adapt to social life; 4. with severe physical illness mental illness as physical illness should coordinate the resolution of the case admitted to the problem; in principle, be determined as a major disease was admitted to hospital and department; 5. One of the severe self-injury, suicide, poor feeding or severe excitement, impulse, assault, run outside, can endanger the life or endanger public security and who should be admitted to the scope of the emergency and intensive care should be given. Weekly: This is inside the
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